Research Publications

2025

Sex Differences in Sustained Attention Performance and Neuromuscular Fatigue During an Intense Cognitive-Motor Dual Task in Normoxia and Hypoxia

Goepp, T, Hayes, M., Di Domenico, H., Millet, G.Y., Hot, P and Rupp, T. 23 Aug 2025, In International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance.

Study protocol for an observational cohort study of heat stress impacts in pregnancy in The Gambia, West Africa

Bonell, A., Ionnou, L., Sesay, A., Murray, K., Bah, B., Jefferies, D., Moore, S., Vicero-Cabrera, A., Maxwell, N., Hirst, J., Tan, C., Saucy, A., Watters, D., Sonko, B., Okoh, E., Idris, Y., Adefila, W. O., Manneh, J., Leigh-Nabou, M. & Bojang, S., Flouris, A., Haines, A., Prentice, A., Sferruzzi-Perri, A., 7 Feb 2025In: Wellcome Open Research. 9.

The use of individualised, media-based sleep hygiene education for professional female footballers

Gooderick, J., Clash, R., Fisher, H., Maxwell, N. & Hayes, M., 7 Jan 2025In: European Journal of Sport Science. 252p. e12247 13 p.

2024

Adding a sustained attention task to a physically demanding cycling exercise exacerbates neuromuscular fatigue and impairs cognitive performance in both normoxia and hypoxia

Goepp, T., Hayes, M., Di Domenico, H., Hot, P. & Rupp, T., 19 Jul 2024In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 124p. 3543-3556 14 p., s00421-024-05555-7.

Can sleep hygiene interventions affect strength and power outcomes for female athletes?

Gooderick, J., Wood, T., Abbott, W., Clash, R., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 21 Aug 2024In: Sport Sciences for Health. 211p. 205-215 11 p.

Assessing core body temperature in a cool marathon using two pill ingestion strategies

Grivas, G., Muniz-Pardos, B., Guppy, F., Pitsiladis, A., Bundy, R., Miller, M., Fitzpatrick, D., Richardson, A., Hodgson, L., Leckie, T., Stacey, M., Racinais, S. & Pitsiladis, Y., 26 Aug 2024In: Translational Exercise Biomedicine. 13-4p. 264-276 13 p.

Cross-adaptation from heat stress to hypoxia: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis

Willmott, A., Maxwell, N., Gibson, O., Roberts, J., Chung, H. & Diment, A., 26 Jan 2024In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 12014 p., 103793.

Does a self-reported sleep duration reflect actigraphy reported sleep duration in female football players?

Gooderick, J., Wood, T., Abbott, W., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 4 Jan 2024In: Science and Medicine in Football . p. 1-7 7 p.

Integrating observational and modelled data to advance the understanding of heat stress effects on pregnant subsistence farmers in the gambia

Bouverat, C., Badjie, J., Samateh, T., Saidy, T., Murray, K. A., Prentice, A. M., Maxwell, N., Haines, A., Vicedo Cabrera, A. M. & Bonell, A., 23 Oct 2024In: Scientific Reports. 14111 p., 24977.

The reliability and validity of the Affinity Altitude hypoxic generators in acute and chronic conditions

Willmott, A., Chung, H., Roberts, J. & Maxwell, N., 13 Apr 2024In: Sports Engineering. 271, 15.

2023

The reliability of a portable steam sauna pod for the whole-body passive heating of humans

Willmott, A., James, C., Hayes, M., Maxwell, N., Roberts, J. & Gibson, O., 31 Oct 2023In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 11829 p., 103743.

2022

Inflammatory and psychological consequences of chronic high exposure firefighting

Richardson, A., Terrazzini, N., Gage, C., Lee, B. J., Bradley, R., Watt, P. & Watkins, E. R., 25 Nov 2022In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 1118 p., 103399.

A feasibility study of the use of UmbiFlow™ to assess the impact of heat stress on fetoplacental blood flow in field studies

Bonell, A., Vannevel, V., Sonko, B., Mohammed, N., Vicedo-Cabrera, A., Haines, A., Maxwell, N., Hirst, J. & Prentice, A., 27 Sept 2022In: International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 1602p. 430-436 7 p.

Environmental heat stress on maternal physiology and fetal blood flow in pregnant subsistence farmers in The Gambia, west Africa: an observational cohort study

Bonell, A., Sonko, B., Badjie, J., Samateh, T., Saidy, T., Sasseh, F., Sallah, Y., Bajo, K., Murray, K., Hirst, J., Vicedo-Cabrera, A., Prentice, A., Maxwell, N. & Haines, A., 7 Dec 2022In: Lancet Planetary Health. 612p. e968-e976 12 p.

Predicting an Athlete’s Physiological and Haematological Response to Live High‐Train High Altitude Training Using a Hypoxic Sensitivity Test

Turner, G., Spilsbury, K., Green, D., Fudge, B., Pringle, J., Richardson, A. & Maxwell, N., 24 Aug 2022In: Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise. 44p. 371-385 15 p.

2021

Exercise heat acclimation and post-exercise hot water immersion improve resting and exercise responses to heat stress in the elderly

Waldock, K., Gibson, O., Relf, R., Eichhorn, G., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 3 Jun 2021In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 248p. 774-780 7 p.

Exercise hyperthermia induces greater changes in gastrointestinal permeability than equivalent passive hyperthermia

Walter, E., Watt, P., Gibson, O., Willmott, A., Mitchell, D., Moreton, R. & Maxwell, N., 19 Aug 2021In: Physiological Reports. 916, e14945.

Impact of Personal Cooling on Performance, Comfort and Heat Strain of Healthcare Workers in PPE, a Study From West Africa

Bonell, A., Nadjm, B., Samateh, T., Badjie, J., Perry-Thomas, R., Forrest, K., Prentice, A. & Maxwell, N., 1 Sept 2021In: Frontiers in Public Health. 9, 712481.

Physiological responses during ascent to high altitude and the incidence of acute mountain sickness

Cobb, A. B., Levett, D. Z. H., Mitchell, K., Aveling, W., Hurlbut, D., Gilbert-Kawai, E., Hennis, P. J., Mythen, M. G., Grocott, M. P. W., Martin, D. S. & Caudwell Xtreme Everest, Xtreme Everest 2009, Xtreme Everest 2 investigators, 27 Apr 2021In: Physiological Reports. 97, e14809.

The elderly’s physiological and perceptual responses to cooling during simulated activities of daily living in UK summer climatic conditions

Waldock, K., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 Mar 2021In: Public health. 193p. 1-9 9 p.

Thermoregulation is not impaired in breast cancer survivors during moderate-intensity exercise performed in warm and hot environments

Relf, R., Lee, B. J., Eichhorn, G., Flint, M., Beale, L. & Maxwell, N., 22 Jul 2021In: Physiological Reports. 914p. 1-16 16 p., e14968.

2020

Extreme occupational heat exposure is associated with elevated haematological and inflammatory markers in Fire Service Instructors

Watkins, E. R., Hayes, M., Watt, P., Renshaw, D. & Richardson, A. J., 27 May 2020In: Experimental Physiology. 1061p. 233-243 11 p.

A protocol for an observational cohort study of heat strain and its effect on fetal wellbeing in pregnant farmers in The Gambia

Bonell, A., Hirst, J., Vicedo-Cabrera, A., Haines, A., Prentice, A. & Maxwell, N., 31 Mar 2020In: Wellcome Open Research. 532.

Editorial: Heat Acclimation for Special Populations

Garrett, A., Maxwell, N., Periard, J. & Sunderland, C., 29 Jul 2020In: Frontiers in Physiology. 11, 895.

Heat acclimation improves sweat gland function and lowers sweat sodium concentration in an adult with cystic fibrosis

Willmott, A., Holliss, R., Saynor, Z., Corbett, J., Causer, A. & Maxwell, N., 2 Aug 2020In: Journal of Cystic Fibrosis.

Validity of a wearable sweat rate monitor and routine sweat analysis techniques using heat acclimation

Relf, R., Eichhorn, G., Waldock, K., Flint, M., Beale, L. & Maxwell, N., 29 Mar 2020In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 908 p., 102577.

2019

Heat alleviation strategies for athletic performance: a review and practitioner guidelines

Gibson, O. R., James, C., Mee, J. A., Willmott, A., Turner, G., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 12 Oct 2019In: Temperature.

Heat acclimation attenuates the increased sensations of fatigue reported during acute exercise-heat stress

Willmott, A., Hayes, M., James, C., Gibson, O. R. & Maxwell, N., 19 Sept 2019In: Temperature.

Heat tolerance of Fire Service Instructors

Watkins, E. R., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Richardson, A. J., 16 Mar 2019In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 82p. 1-9 9 p.

Women firefighters’ health and well-being: An international survey

Watkins, E., Walker, A., Mol, E., Jahnke, S. & Richardson, A., 28 Mar 2019In: Women’s Health Issues. 295p. 424-431 8 p.

2018

Intermittent sprint performance in the heat is not altered by augmenting thermal perception via L-Menthol or Capsaicin mouth rinses

Gibson, O., Wrightson, J. & Hayes, M., 22 Dec 2018In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. p. 1-12 12 p.

A new occupational heat tolerance test: A feasibility study

Watkins, E. R., Gibbons, J., Dellas, Y., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Richardson, A. J., 5 Sept 2018In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 78p. 42-50 9 p.

Altitude training in endurance running: perceptions of elite athletes and support staff

Turner, G., Fudge, B., Pringle, J. S. M., Maxwell, N. & Richardson, A., 22 Jun 2018In: Journal of Sports Sciences. 372p. 163-172.

Once- and twice-daily heat acclimation confer similar heat adaptations, inflammatory responses and exercise tolerance improvements

Willmott, A., Hayes, M., James, C., Dekerle, J., Gibson, O. & Maxwell, N., 21 Dec 2018In: Physiological Reports. 624, e13936.

The acute effect of training fire exercises on fire service instructors

Watkins, E. R., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Richardson, A. J., 2 Oct 2018In: Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene.

Physiological and perceptual responses in the elderly to simulated daily living activities in UK summer climatic conditions

Waldock, K. A. M., Hayes, M., Watt, P. W. & Maxwell, N. S., 18 Jun 2018In: Public health. 161.

Fire Service Instructors’ Working Practices: A UK Survey

Watkins, E., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Richardson, A., 4 May 2018In: Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.

Physiological and perceptual responses to exercising in restrictive heat loss attire with use of an upper-body sauna suit in temperate and hot conditions

Willmott, A., Gibson, O., James, C., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 13 Mar 2018In: Temperature. 52p. 162-174.

Reliability of a wearable sweat rate monitor and routine sweat analysis techniques under heat stress in females

Relf, R., Willmott, A., Flint, M., Beale, L. & Maxwell, N., 18 Dec 2018In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 79p. 209-217.

Short-term heat acclimation and precooling, independently and combined, improve 5 km running performance in the heat

James, C. A., Richardson, A. J., Watt, P. W., Willmott, A. G. B., Gibson, O. R. & Maxwell, N. S., 1 May 2018In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 325p. 1366-1375 10 p.

Practical pre-cooling methods for occupational heat exposure

Watkins, E., Hayes, M., Watt, P. & Richardson, A., 14 Feb 2018In: Applied Ergonomics. 70p. 26-33 8 p.

2017

CAERvest® – a novel endothermic hypothermic device for core temperature cooling: safety and efficacy testing

Willmott, A., Bliss, A., Simpson, W. H., Tocker, S. M., Cottingham, R. & Maxwell, N., 2 Feb 2017In: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 241p. 118-128 11 p.

Cross Adaptation – Heat and Cold Adaptation to Improve Physiological and Cellular Responses to Hypoxia

Gibson, O., Taylor, L., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 17 Apr 2017In: Sports Medicine. 479p. 1751-1768 18 p.

Exercise-induced fatigue in severe hypoxia following an intermittent hypoxic protocol

Twomey, R., Wrightson, J., Fletcher, H., Avraam, S., Ross, E. & Dekerle, J., 30 Jun 2017In: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 4912p. 2422-2432 11 p.

Defining the determinants of endurance running performance in the heat

James, C., Hayes, M., Willmott, A., Gibson, O., Flouris, A., Schleder, Z. & Maxwell, N., 25 May 2017In: Temperature. 43p. 314-329 16 p.

Females exposed to 24 h of sleep deprivation do not experience greater physiological strain, but do perceive heat illness symptoms more severely, during exercise-heat stress

Relf, R., Willmott, A., Mee, J., Gibson, O., Saunders, A., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 24 Mar 2017In: Journal of Sports Sciences. 363p. 348-355 8 p.

Sauna exposure immediately prior to short-term heat acclimation accelerates phenotypic adaptation in females

Mee, J., Peters, S., Doust, J. & Maxwell, N., 4 Jul 2017In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 212p. 190-195 6 p.

Does hypoxia play a role in the development of sarcopenia in humans? Mechanistic insights from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition

Wandrag, L., Siervo, M., Riley, H., Khosravi, M., Fernandez, B., Leckstrom, C., Martin, D., Mitchell, K., Levett, D., Mythen, M., Stroud, M., Grocott, M. P. W., Feelisch, M., Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group & Richardson, A., 8 May 2017In: Redox Biology. 13p. 60 – 68 8 p.

Caudwell xtreme everest: A prospective study of the effects of environmental hypoxia on cognitive functioning

Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group, 27 Mar 2017In: PLoS ONE. 123, e0174277.

2016

Fire Service instructors undergarment choice to reduce interleukin-6 and minimise physiological and perceptual strain

Watkins, E. & Richardson, A., 11 Nov 2016In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 63p. 41-48 8 p.

Hsp72, and Hsp90α mRNA transcription is characterised by large, sustained changes in core temperature during heat acclimation

Gibson, O., Tuttle, J. A., Watt, P., Maxwell, N. & Taylor, L., 11 Aug 2016In: Cell Stress & Chaperones. 216p. 1021-1035 15 p.

Similar inflammatory responses following sprint interval training performed in hypoxia and normoxia

Richardson, A., Relf, R., Saunders, A. & Gibson, O., 3 Aug 2016In: Frontiers in Physiology.

Ischaemic preconditioning does not alter the determinants of endurance running performance in the heat

James, C., Willmott, A., Richardson, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 12 Jul 2016In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1169p. 1735-1745 11 p.

Leukocyte Hsp72 mRNA transcription does not differ between males and females during heat acclimation

Mee, J., Gibson, O., Tuttle, J. A., Taylor, L., Watt, P., Doust, J. & Maxwell, N., 27 Jul 2016In: Temperature. 34p. 549-556 8 p.

Physiological and psychological responses in Fire Instructors to heat exposures

Watt, P., Willmott, A., Maxwell, N., Smeeton, N., Watt, E. & Richardson, A., 22 Apr 2016In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 58p. 106-114 9 p.

Power relative to body mass best predicts change in core temperature during exercise-heat stress

Gibson, O., Willmott, A., James, C., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 20 May 2016In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 312p. 403-414 12 p.

Short term heat acclimation improves the determinants of endurance performance and 5,000m running performance in the heat

James, C., Richardson, A., Watt, P., Willmott, A., Gibson, O. & Maxwell, N., 18 Nov 2016In: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 423p. 285-294 10 p.

Short-term heat acclimation prior to a multi-day desert ultra-marathon improves physiological and psychological responses without compromising immune status

Willmott, A., Hayes, M., Waldock, K., Relf, R., Watkins, E., James, C., Gibson, O., Smeeton, N., Richardson, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 9 Dec 2016In: Journal of Sports Sciences. 3522p. 2249-2256 8 p.

The effects of single versus twice daily short term heat acclimation on heat strain and 3000m running performance in hot, humid conditions

Willmott, A., Gibson, O., Hayes, M. & Maxwell, N., 1 Feb 2016In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 56p. 59-67 9 p.

The time course of endogenous erythropoietin, IL-6, and TNFα in response to acute hypoxic exposures

Turner, G., Gibson, O., Watt, P., Pringle, J. S. M., Richardson, A. & Maxwell, N., 17 May 2016In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 277p. 714-723 10 p.

2015

Simulated hypoxia does not further improve aerobic capacity during sprint interval training

Richardson, A. & Gibson, O., 1 Oct 2015In: The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 5510p. 1099-1106 8 p.

A comparison of males and females’ temporal patterning to short‐ and long‐term heat acclimation

Mee, J., Gibson, O., Doust, J. & Maxwell, N., 6 May 2015In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 25S1p. 250-258 9 p.

Effect of practical precooling on neuromuscular function and 5 km time-trial performance in hot, humid conditions amongst male, well-trained runners

Randall, C. A., Ross, E. & Maxwell, N., 5 Jan 2015In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 297p. 1925-1936 12 p.

Heat acclimation attenuates physiological strain and the Hsp72, but not Hsp90α mRNA response to acute normobaric hypoxia

Gibson, O., Turner, G., Tuttle, J. A., Taylor, L., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 15 Oct 2015In: Journal of Applied Physiology. 1198p. 889-899 11 p.

Isothermic and fixed-intensity heat acclimation methods elicit equal increases in Hsp72 mRNA

Gibson, O., Mee, J., Taylor, L., Tuttle, J. A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 Jan 2015In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 251p. 259-268 10 p.

Isothermic and fixed intensity heat acclimation methods induce similar heat adaptation following short and long-term timescales

Gibson, O., Mee, J., Tuttle, J. A., Taylor, L., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 Apr 2015In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 49-50p. 55-65 11 p.

Physiological responses to incremental exercise in the heat following internal and external precooling

James, C., Richardson, A., Watt, P., Gibson, O. & Maxwell, N., 6 May 2015In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 25S1p. 19-199 181 p.

Prediction of physiological responses and performance at altitude using the 6-minute walk test in normoxia and hypoxia

Gibson, O., Richardson, A., Hayes, M., Duncan, B. & Maxwell, N., 1 Jan 2015In: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 262p. 205-210 6 p.

Repeatability of a running heat tolerance test

Mee, J., Doust, J. & Maxwell, N., 1 Apr 2015In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 49-50p. 91-97 7 p.

The reliability of a heat acclimation state test prescribed from metabolic heat production intensities

Willmott, A., Hayes, M., Dekerle, J. & Maxwell, N., 15 Aug 2015In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 530p. 38-45 8 p.

2014

Comparison of total haemoglobin mass measured with the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method across different Radiometer (TM) ABL-80 and OSM-3 hemoximeters

Turner, G., Richardson, A., Maxwell, N. & Pringle, J. S. M., 31 Dec 2014In: Physiological Measurement. 3512p. 41-45 5 p.

Extracellular Hsp72 concentration relates to a minimum endogenous criteria during acute exercise-heat exposure

Gibson, O., Dennis, A., Parfitt, T., Taylor, L., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 May 2014In: Cell Stress & Chaperones. 193p. 389-400 12 p.

Precooling does not improve 2000m rowing performance of females in hot, humid conditions

Taylor, L., Mauger, A. R., Watkins, S. L., Fitch, N., Brewer, J., Maxwell, N., Webborn, A. & Castle, P. C., 6 Jun 2014In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2812p. 3416-3424 9 p.

Reliability and validity of skin temperature measurement by telemetry thermistors and a thermal camera during exercise in the heat

James, C., Richardson, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 Oct 2014In: Journal of Thermal Biology. 45p. 141-149 9 p.

Simulated moderate hypoxia reduces intermittent sprint performance in games players

Turner, G., Gibson, O. & Maxwell, N., 30 Oct 2014In: The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 545p. 566-574 9 p.

The influence of carbon monoxide bolus on the measurement of total haemoglobin mass using the optimized CO-rebreathing method

Turner, G., Pringle, J., Ingham, S. A., Fudge, B. W., Richardson, A. & Maxwell, N., 22 Jan 2014In: Physiological Measurement. 352.

The influence of hot humid and hot dry environments on intermittent-sprint exercise performance

Hayes, M., Castle, P. C., Ross, E. & Maxwell, N., 1 Jan 2014In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 93p. 386-396 11 p.

2013

The use of skeletal muscle near infrared spectroscopy and a vascular occlusion test at high altitude

Martin, D., Levett, D., Bezemer, R., Montgomery, H., Grocott, M., Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group & Richardson, A., 1 Sept 2013In: High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 143p. 256 – 262 7 p.

Partial heat acclimation of athletes with spinal cord lesion

Castle, P., Kularatne, B. P., Brewer, J., Mauger, A. R., Austen, R. A., Tuttle, J. A., Sculthorpe, N., Mackenzie, R. W. A., Maxwell, N. & Webborn, A., Jan 2013In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1131p. 109-115 7 p.

Peak power output provides the most reliable measure of performance in prolonged intermittent-sprint cycling

Hayes, M., Smith, D., Castle, P. C., Watt, P., Ross, E. & Maxwell, N., 1 May 2013In: Journal of Sports Sciences. 315p. 565-572 8 p.

2012

Altitude training for elite endurance performance: a 2012 update

Fudge, B., Pringle, J., Maxwell, N., Turner, G., Ingham, S. & Jones, A., May 2012In: Current Sports Medicine Reports. 113p. 148-154 7 p.

Deception of ambient and body core temperature improves self paced cycling in hot, humid conditions

Castle, P., Maxwell, N., Allchorn, A., Mauger, A. R. & White, D. K., Jan 2012In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1121p. 377-385 9 p.

Influence of moderate hypoxia on tolerance to high-intensity exercise

Dekerle, J., Mucci, P. & Carter, H., Jan 2012In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1121p. 327-335 9 p.

Intermittent exercise with and without hypoxia improves insulin sensitivity in individuals with Type 2 diabetes

Mackenzie, R. W. A., Maxwell, N., Castle, P., Elliott, B., Brickley, G. & Watt, P., 1 Apr 2012In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 974p. 546-555 10 p.

The effect of hypoxia and work intensity on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Mackenzie, R. W. A., Elliott, B., Maxwell, N., Brickley, G. & Watt, P., Jan 2012In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 971p. 155-162 8 p.

2011

Effects of hypoxia on muscle protein synthesis and anabolic signaling at rest and in response to acute resistance exercise

Ethridge, T., Atherton, P.J., Wilkinson, D., Selby, A., Rankin, D., Webborn, N., Smith, K. and Watt, P., Oct 2011In: American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism. 301, 4, p. E697-E702. 6 p.

Heat acclimation improves intermittent sprinting in the heat but additional pre-cooling offers no further ergogenic effect

Castle, P., Mackenzie, R. W. A., Maxwell, N., Webborn, A. & Watt, P., Aug 2011In: Journal of Sports Sciences. 2911p. 1125-1134 10 p.

Acute hypoxia and exercise improve insulin sensitivity (SI2*) in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Mackenzie, R. W. A., Maxwell, N., Castle, P., Brickley, G. & Watt, P., Jan 2011In: Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 271p. 94-101 8 p.

2010

Design and conduct of Caudwell Xtreme Everest: an observational cohort study of variation in human adaptation to progressive environmental hypoxia

Levett, D., Martin, D., Wilson, M., Mitchell, K., Dhillon, S., Rigat, F., Montgomery, H., Mythen, M., Grocott, M., Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group (inc. Richardson, A.), 21 Oct 2010In: BMC medical research methodology. 109814 p., 10.

Pre-cooling can prevent the reduction of self-paced exercise intensity in the heat

Duffield, R., Green, R., Castle, P. & Maxwell, N., Mar 2010In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 423p. 577-584 8 p.

 

2009

Effects of active warm up on thermoregulation and intermittent-sprint performance in hot conditions

Bishop, D. & Maxwell, N., Jan 2009In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 121p. 196-204 9 p.

Hydration and physiological responses to acute normobaric hypoxia

Richardson, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., Sept 2009In: Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 203p. 212-220 9 p.

Influence of hypohydration on intermittent sprint performance in the heat

Maxwell, N., Mackenzie, R. W. A. & Bishop, D., Mar 2009In: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 41p. 54-67 14 p.

The effect of hypohydration severity on the physiological, psychological and renal hormonal responses to hypoxic exercise

Richardson, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., May 2009In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 1061p. 123-130 8 p.

Abnormal blood flow in the sublingual microcirculation at high altitude

Martin, D., Ince, C., Goedhart, P., Levett, D., Grocott, M., Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group & Richardson, A., 31 Mar 2009In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 106p. 473 – 478 6 p.

Arterial Blood Gases and Oxygen Content in Climbers on Mount Everest

Grocott, M., Martin, D. S., Levett, D. Z. H., Richardson, A., McMorrow, R., Windsor, J. & Montgomery, H. E., 8 Jan 2009In: New England Journal of Medicine. 3602p. 140-149 10 p.

2008

Acute normobaric hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin release

Mackenzie, R. W. A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., 1 Mar 2008In: High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 91p. 28-37 10 p.

Effect of recovery intensity on peak power output and the development of heat strain during intermittent sprint exercise while under heat stress

Maxwell, N., Castle, P. C. & Spencer, M., Sept 2008In: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 115p. 491-499 9 p.

Cooling strategies improve intermittent sprint performance in the heat of athletes with tetraplegia

Webborn, N., Prince, M.J., Castle, P. C., Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L. June 2008In: British Journal of Sports Medicine. 44, 6, p. 455-460 6 p.

Physiological responses to graded acute normobaric hypoxia using an intermittent walking protocol

Richardson, A., Twomey, R., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., Dec 2008In: Wilderness and Environmental Medicine. 194p. 252-260 9 p.

2007

Caudwell Xtreme Everest: a field study of human adaptation to hypoxia

Grocott, M., Richardson, A., Montgomery, H. & Mythen, M., 1 Aug 2007In: Critical Care. 114p. 151

2006

Precooling leg muscle improves intermittent sprint exercise performance in hot, humid conditions

Castle, P., Macdonald, A. L., Philp, A., Webborn, A., Watt, P. & Maxwell, N., Apr 2006In: Journal of Applied Physiology. 1004p. 1377-1384 8 p.

2005

Effects of two cooling strategies on thermoregulatory responses of tetraplegic athletes during repeated intermittent exercise in the heat

Webborn, N., Prince, M.J., Castle, P. C., Goosey-Tolfrey, V.L. June 2005In: Journal of Applied Physiology. 98, 6, p. 2101-2107 7 p.

2003

Local tissue temperature effects on peak torque and muscular endurance during isometric knee extension

Thornley, L. J., Maxwell, N. & Cheung, S. S., Nov 2003In: European Journal of Applied Physiology. 905-6p. 588-594 7 p.

Burnely, M., Doust, J.H. and Jones, A.M. June 2002, In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 4-5, p. 424-432. 9 p.