Structural materials

When presenting on the Friday, I spoke about structural materials. This involved those both real and for the model. The 3 most essential elements to consider were the deck, piers and our roofing structure. All of which, involved some in depth research and below I am going to outline our choices, beginning with the deck.

DECK
• Real: Our material choice here was concrete for its longevity and low maintenance, attributing to its economical benefits. Further to this, the option for it to be precast is ideal for quick construction of the bridge, an essential factor in this instance, due to the busy nature of Lewes Road.
•Model: Foam modelling board illustrated the deck for us. It was the best option because of its ease to cut and shape. Moreover, its rigidity provided a solid base to work the rest of our model around.

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PIERS
•Real: Galvanised steel would provide our structure with the appropriate support. As a material it has many measurable benefits including longevity and resistance to corrosion/ moisture. The erection of galvanised steel components is also very efficient.
Model: Wooden dowel was used to demonstrate the placement of supports in our model. The reason we chose to work with wood, was because we needed different lengths and knew that wooden dowel would be quick to cut, shape and could be glued easily with a glue gun. It would also be able to take the load of the foam modelling board and other model materials with ease.

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ROOFING
•Real: This was probably the toughest decision to make and consequently more time was spent researching materials and similar existing structures. Our end decision was primarily informed by looking back at two of our earlier precedent studies; The Webb in Melbourne and the Peace Bridge in Calgary. By considering them and using our own knowledge and ideas we decided upon toughened glass, supported by a steel framework with a protective sheeting/ layer over the glass areas; for vandalism and health and safety purposes. Toughened glass would allow us to achieve the modern and open space we had envisioned, whilst also being a feasible choice due to its properties including being a thermal resistant glass.
•Model: Plastic sheeting was the obvious choice to make this design work in model form. It’s flexibility made it perfect to create the curvature and it could be held to the deck easily with the use of a glue gun. More wooden dowel was used to represent the steel framework. Unfortunately due to time management, our model did not reflect our design and its potential. However, our ideas were all well informed and illustrated in the form of drawings.

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The fifth day, The Promised day

The final day.

It has arrived, the day of the presentation for the poster and model.

It was very stressful as I saw that there were some problems with the modelling. The poster was fine and done but the model needs some work.

I went down to help the other group make the model. What we needed was the columns and the Base to be completed. I was rushing around to get things done by 11:00 which was the presentation time.

We finished the model but unfortunately we didn’t have enough time to complete the Base of the model. It was very stressful to keep some people motivated but at least we were mostly finished with the model.

The time for the presentation was closing in and we need to organise ourselves to fit the time frame we have to present our project.

As the group leader I went ahead and started the presentation introducing myself but because of stage fright I seem to have forgot to mention the others. For the same reason I seem to babble longer than I should have. I explained the basis of our idea and how we came to it as well as the thoughts we have on the design. After the presentation we were told about our mistakes or trip ups.

One was the use of the roundabout idea, though I mentioned briefly I didn’t want to over extend my time so I can let others speak on their part.

The second was the modelling, I did explain the lack of Time but I should’ve planned it more strictly as the team leader.

And lastly was the reflection on the project. Though the project was enjoyable I probably should’ve discussed with the other members about the reflection of the project so that the other groups can have a neutral plane to express what they think about this project.

I enjoyed the project, though I probably won’t have chosen myself as the leader. I seem to have done a fair part, sending assignments to my members for the next day, doing some offline work and research and monitoring the progress of my team and responding accordingly while keeping in mind the information that I gathered and their situations.


 

menai

 

Day 1 understanding the task and concept design

Basically the outcome of the day was to understand better the task. We have got brief introduction and divided into group. After the college student arrived we got lecture on different bridges and how they carry loads. At 11:30 am we went out to visit the site and I took some picture to support us in the concept design process, but I was not sure where and how that bridge should built and link to Mithras house, I didn’t know the whole idea on how to design it. After getting back from the site we had lunch break and then after the lunch we discussed different bridge design, we did some sketches, come some ideas and thought about the requirements for our bridge. After discussing we established we have got some roughly idea and to design our bridge. And on 3 pm we had lecture about the structural building and the how forces act on the building. In the evening I did some roughly sketches and researched on how the bridges are constructed and requirements on building bridges.

 

The second of our project I presented the sketches I have done to my group and some of group members come ideas and sketches we discussed of the different ideas, we were unsure which one to choose and we were so confused but at the end we have got inspiration from Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.

The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan is a free span of 1,991 meters it is the world’s longest suspension bridge. It is 367 meters longer than the Great Belt Bridge and is the world’s second longest with 1624 meters. Total length of the bridge is 3911 meters. The bridge has three spans.The central span is 1,991 m (6,532 ft; 1.237 mi) and the two other sections are each 960 m (3,150 ft; 0.60 mi). The bridge was designed with a two hinged stiffening girder system, allowing the structure to withstand winds of 286 kilometers per hour (178 mph), earthquakes measuring up to magnitude 8.5, and harsh sea currents. The bridge also contains tuned mass dampers  that are designed to operate at the resonance frequency of the bridge to dampen forces. The two main supporting towers rise 282.8 m (928 ft) above sea level and the bridge can expand because of heat by up to 2 m (6.6 ft) over the course of a day. And at the evening we calculated the dimensions of our design and scaled by 150 and printed so that we were ready to commence our work on constructing the model of our bridge.

Day 3

On Wednesday morning we had plans and we were aware of what to do out of the day. we went on engineering block this time we are going to build the model of our bridge, the materials we used was timber, foam board, and glue. It was quite difficult to do by hand than what we were thought. Each of us assigned job to do so that no one is doing anything, my job was making trusses of the bridge and sticking on them to the bridge deck with glue to hold them together. We spend the whole doing that as the college student was not with us we had to do as much work as we could since we have only one day left for presentation. Here the pictures of what we have done on the day.

Day 4 Thursday

On Thursday since it was the last day we continue where we stopped, after that I did some research on the material we used and forces bridge. All structures have forces – pushes, pulls, twists acting upon them. The two main forces that effecting upon the bridge were compression and tension.

The red represents tension force and blue represents compression the sketch shows how the load s distributed throughout the truss bridge. The truss bridge is designed to distributed load through different beams within triangular shapes. The tension is distributed to the middle of the of the bridge and compression to the end of the bridge. Those forces help the bridge to remain stable and strong.  The type beam of bridge is reinforced by a framework of girders that form triangular shapes.

Bridge material

Steel is widely used around the world for the construction of bridges from the very large to the very small. It is a versatile and effective material that provides efficient and sustainable solutions.Steel has long been recognized as the economic option for a range of bridges. It dominates the markets for long span bridges, railway bridges footbridges and medium span highway bridges and it is able to carry loads in tension and compression. Due to its elasticity it has ability to change the shape while force is acting on it and then move back to its original shape and it allows different parts of bridge to experience stress without  breaking, and in turn hold up the bridge as a result of normal force.

Day 5 Friday

Friday was the last day our on Project when we arrived of university we went to engineering block to finalize our Model and we took them up to the studio room for presenting. We made mistakes of construction, we built two decks instead of only one deck and built unnecessary truss.

Here is some pictures of result design.

 

The fourth day, The start of the end

On the fourth day it was starting to get very busy.

The early morning we started on focusing on the model making. One of our members wasn’t able to make it to the session so we were down on man power to create the model.

What I did for the day was do some parts of the modelling such as crafting the parts of the bridge so we can easily assemble it the next day. I was also helping on making the poster so I’m basically split into doing two things at once.

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I mostly contributed by doing the hand sketches and illustrations for the poster. The poster was left to the trusted hands on one of my group members and they did mostly the writing and presentation. img_2296

After the day I went home to do some extra work on the model so it’s ready for tomorrow for assembly. The model floor is made out of foam board, the supports is made out of wooden dowels stuck together by hot glue from the glue gun, the metal railings is made out of staples pinned to the foam and the walls is made out of thin plastic.

I assembled most of the parts in the evening and all that was needed left was the supports and the Base of the model to be ready.

Not much difficulty happened but alot of work needs to be done so I need to handle some stuff that are needed at home for the next day.

Day 5 – Presentation and Conclusion

On this day we finished the poster with input from the 6th formers who created the titles for us. We then presented our designs to the rest of the class.

The presentation on a whole went relatively well. We were all well spoken and clearly presented our ideas. We were were told that our ideas were very good, but the final presentation of our designs needed more “finesse” as some aspects were very rough and not refined enough, which I completely agree with.

Overall i believe we created a very good design that covered all aspects of the brief very well, but our final product was undersold. to avoid this from happening next time and to ensure we put our ideas across in a clearer manner, I believe better time management is needed as well as better delegation of the work. This would of ensured that the poster and models were to the same quality as our final idea.

In conclusion I throughly enjoyed the week. Although it was very hard work and we were in uni for 8/9 hours a day, I think that the week was very rewarding and I learnt a great deal about the make up of bridges, and how good time management and delegation of work is vital to keep a project like this running smoothly.

Although I enjoyed it, i do not believe that the involvement of the 6th formers was needed as they only contributed partially to the work. Although again this can be argued against as with better delegation of work they could have been involved more.

Attached is a picture of our final presentation.

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Day 4- finishing bridge and detail

Today I continued by researching different components for the detail. I came across this source which we could use for our detail.

http://www.graitec.com/en/FAQ_view.asp?FAQID=983#placa_baza_taiata

As a group we agreed that we were going to detail the column to foundation detail and after sketching out my ideas I started on the model.

First i acquired a tube that fits to our scale. Then i cut out the holding steel member and made the foundation hooks out of wire. Then I acquired a foam block for use as the foundation. This was then all put together to create the detail shown in the attached images.

While I was doing this the group continued by finishing our map, cutting out blocks for the proposal of the new buildings outside of Mithras and Preston barracks so we could get a feel for the space we had and the fixed our bridge in place.

We finished the day by gathering information and drawings for the poster which we then put together as a group.

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Day 3 – model making

On day three we came together with the Hazlewick students and incorporated their ideas into our design. This included the cable and column structure which we envisioned on the previous day. After consolation and some design development we went to the modelling studio to start on the model.

Firstly we delegated the job of creating the ramp shafts to the 6th formers as we needed three to show the space for the ramps. We then continued by drawing our bridge on the map to give us a feel for dimensions and required distances, I then traced round this on trancing paper and transferred it to foamboard. This was then cut out and put into place.

I then continued by cutting out the parapets out of card. This card was to the required thickness of the handrail to scale. This job was then passed on to Rowan so I could research different components for the detail.

Day 2 – Design Development

On this day we researched more bridge designs and came up with a rough design for our bridge which was an L shape cable suspension bridge which spanned from Lewes Road across to the barracks, with a ramp leading to Cockcroft. We established that this was a good idea but was a bit excessive, so we decided to refine it.

We also researched different specifications our bridge would need to be, for example i established that it needed to be 5.1m above the road, so as a group we decided to give the bridge a height of 6m.

I also established that the width needed to be a minimum of 5 meters to incorporate pedestrians and cyclists going both ways. (2 meters for pedestrians, 3 meters for cyclists. So we incorporated this into our design as well.

We then printed out a digimap of the site so we could build our bridge on this. We had a few problems with the scaling of the map, but after some determination and trial and error we found the right scale, printed out the map and stuck it to our base board.

The final outcome of the day was deciding on the supporting structure for the bridge. We decided on a column structure with a support for the ramps.

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